What is lipoid nephrosis?
Lipoid nephrosis is a disease characterized by an insidious onset, a chronic course, edema, oliguria, albuminuria, changes in the protein and lipoids of the blood, and the deposit of lipoids in the kidney. It occurs alone, or in combination with diffuse glomerulonephritis, or with amyloid degeneration of the kidney.
What is the pathophysiology of nephrosis?
The nephrotic syndrome is a distinct abnormal clinical and biochemical entity characterized by edema, massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and hypoproteinemia, and hyperlipemia and hypercholesterolemia. Hematuria, hypertension, or azotemia may or may not be present.
What is pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis?
The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis involve a complex interplay between virulence factors of the pathogens and the host immune response [4,5]. Much of the damage from this infection is believed to result from cytokines released within the CSF as the host mounts an inflammatory response.
How does meningitis cause DIC?
Meningococcemia, like many other gram-negative blood infections, can cause disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which is the inappropriate clotting of blood within the vessels. DIC can cause ischemic tissue damage when upstream thrombi obstruct blood flow and haemorrhage because clotting factors are exhausted.
What is the meaning of nephrosis?
Definition of nephrosis : a noninflammatory disease of the kidneys chiefly affecting function of the nephrons also : nephrotic syndrome.
What is effacement of foot process?
In glomerular diseases, podocytes lose the usual interdigitating pattern of foot processes between neighboring podocytes, and this alteration, known as “foot process effacement,” is regarded as a pathologic indicator of podocyte injury.
What is the causative agent of meningococcal meningitis?
Bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis cause meningococcal disease. About 1 in 10 people have these bacteria in the back of their nose and throat without being ill. This is called being ‘a carrier’.
What is the pathophysiology of meningococcal meningitis?
Tissue damage in meningococcal disease is often caused by host immune mechanisms activated by endotoxin. Endotoxin binds to plasma endotoxin binding protein and to the cellular receptor, CD14 and other cellular receptors triggering an intense inflammatory response.
What are the causes of pathophysiology meningitis?
Pathophysiology Meningitis is a disease process where the protective layers that cover the brain and spinal cord become inflamed. Meningitis can be infectious or it can be caused by injury, cancer, and other noninfectious causes. Infectious meningitis can be caused by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection.
Is it possible to make a definitive diagnosis of meningitis?
A definitive diagnosis of meningitis can be difficult to make as the clinical manifestations can vary in form and severity. Because of the variances in clinical presentation all patients that present with symptoms concerning for meningitis should undergo a lumbar puncture to obtain CSF for analysis and culture.
Which is the first sign of fungal meningitis?
A petechial or purpuric rash can occur in meningococcal meningitis. Projectile vomiting, nausea, decreased level of consciousness, seizures, and cranial nerve dysfunction are neurological signs of meningitis. Dementia is often the first sign of fungal meningitis.