What is a microbial biosensor?
A microbial biosensor is an analytical device with a biologically integrated transducer that generates a measurable signal indicating the analyte concentration. This method is ideally suited for the analysis of extracellular chemicals and the environment, and for metabolic sensory regulation.
What microbes are used in biosensors?
4.1. Amperometric microbial biosensor
| Target | Microorganism | Limit of detection |
|---|---|---|
| Sucrose | S. cerevisiae | 6–100 mM |
| Mono-and /disaccharides | E. coli K12 | 0–4 mM for disaccharides 0–2.5 mM for monosaccharide |
| p-Nitrophenol | A. JS 443 | 5 nM |
| p-Nitrophenol | A. JS 443 | 0.2 μM |
What are cell based biosensors?
Cell-based biosensors (CBBs) are genetically engineered living cells used to detect analytes with high sensitivity and specificity in a cost-effective and noninvasive manner. Naturally, cells sense external stimuli in their environment as a means to adapt and survive.
What are the commercially successful types of biosensors?
Pregnancy tests and glucose monitoring sensors are the two main examples of very successful biosensor devices. A range of transduction techniques such as electrochemical, optical and acoustic, can be used for biosensors.
What is enzyme biosensor?
An enzyme biosensor is an analytical device that combines an enzyme with a transducer to produce a signal proportional to target analyte concentration. This signal can be further amplified, processed, or stored for later analysis.
What is amperometric biosensor?
Amperometric biosensors are self-contained integrated devices based on the measurement of the current resulting from the oxidation or reduction of an electroactive biological element providing specific quantitative analytical information.
How does a cell based biosensor work?
The molecular-based biosensors use biological active substances such as enzymes, DNA, antigens, antibodies, and biofilms as the reporter elements [7]. This readout process is detectable through the immobilization and use of living cells or bacteria as the unit that provides the molecular recognition elements.
What is optical biosensor?
An optical biosensor is a compact analytical device containing a biorecognition sensing element integrated with an optical transducer system (Figure 1). The basic objective of an optical biosensor is to produce a signal which is proportionate to the concentration of a measured substance (analyte).
What are the disadvantages of biosensors?
Disadvantages include relatively poor sensitivity for many of the clinically relevant targets and qualitative or semi-quantitative results. To improve the limit of detection, recent efforts have focused on signal amplification.